A hate crime, defined by RCW 9A.36.080(1), involves assault, property damage or destruction, or threats that cause reasonable fear of harm to a person or property. They are committed with the intent to harm someone based on the perpetrator’s perception of the person’s:
• Race
• Color
• Religion
• Ancestry
• National origin
• Gender or gender expression or identity
• Sexual orientation
• Mental, physical, or sensory disability
A hate crime must include both the act of one of the three specified crimes and a biased motivation. Hate crimes are intended to induce fear, intimidate, or cause psychological harm to the person or people perceived to be a part of a group.
They are about perception. Even if a person is not actually part of a protected group, targeting them because they are believed to belong to that group is still a hate crime.